Demo Stalls and Spin Awareness

OBJECTIVE: To develop the pilot’s ability to recognize an approaching stall by sound, sight, and feel; familiarize the pilot with the conditions that produce crossed-control, elevator trim, autopilot induced, secondary, and accelerated maneuver stalls; and to develop the habit of taking prompt preventative or corrective action to recover from stalls.

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ELEMENTS

• Aerodynamics of stalls 
  
• Flight situations where unintentional stalls may occur 
  
• Hazards of stalls during normal stall or spin recovery 
  
• Entry procedure and minimum entry altitude 
  
• Recognition of stalls 
  
• Recovery procedure and minimum recovery altitude for: 
  
• crossed-control stalls 
  
• elevator trim stalls, especially autopilot induced elevator trim stalls 
  
• secondary stalls 
  
• accelerated stalls 
  
• Effects of crossed controls in gliding or reduced airspeed descending turns 
  
• Hazards of inadequate control pressures to compensate for thrust, torque, and up-elevator trim during go-around and other related maneuvers 
  
• Anxiety factors associated with spin instruction 
  
• Aerodynamics of spins 
  
• Airplanes approved for the spin maneuver based on airworthiness category and type certificate 
  
• Relationship of various factors such as configuration, weight, center of gravity, and control coordination to spins 
  
• Flight situations where unintentional spins may occur 
  
• How to recognize and recover from imminent, unintentional spins 
  
• Entry procedure and minimum entry altitude for intentional spins 
  
• Control procedure to maintain a stabilized spin 
  
• Orientation during a spin 
  
• Recovery procedure and minimum recovery altitude for intentional spins

COMPLETION STANDARDS

• This is a discussion/instructor demonstration item. Pilot should be able to recite spin recovery procedure. If enters an incipient spin during stall training, pilot should be able to recover using appropriate technique (PARE in most aircraft) . 
  

COMMON ERRORS

• Failure to establish selected configuration prior to entry 
  
• Failure to establish a crossed-control turn and stall condition that will adequately demonstrate the hazards of a crossed-control stalls.
  
• Improper demonstration of the recognition and recovery from a cross-control stall 
  
• Improper demonstration of the recognition of and the recovery from an elevator trim stall 
  
• Improper demonstration of the recognition of and recovery from a secondary stall 
  
• Improper demonstration of the recognition of and recovery from an accelerated stall 
  
• Failure to present the hazards of a cross-control condition in a gliding or reduced airspeed condition 
  
• Failure to adequately emphasizes the hazards of poor correction for torque and up-elevator trim during go-around and other maneuvers 
  
• Failure to present the hazards of poor procedure in recovering from a primary stall 
  
• Failure to establish proper configuration prior to spin entry 
  
• Failure to achieve and maintain a full stall during spin entry 
  
• Failure to close throttle when a spin entry is achieved 
  
• Failure to recognize the indications of an imminent, unintentional spin 
  
• Improper use of flight controls during spin entry, rotation, or recovery 
  
• Disorientation during a spin 
  
• Failure to distinguish between a high-speed spiral and a spin 
  
• Excessive speed or accelerated stall during recovery 
  
• Failure to recover with minimum loss of altitude 

THINGS TO REMEMBER

• PARE (Power - IDLE, Aileron - NEUTRAL, Rudder - OPPOSITE, Elevator - FORWARD) 
  
• Hazards of attempting to spin an airplane not approved for spins 
  
• How this relates to traffic pattern accidents. In trim = no stall = no spin. 
  
• Some aircraft require use of BRS for spin recovery - pilot should have firm knowledge on when, where, and how to activate BRS, plus, be able to brief passengers on same. 
  

STUDY

• Stowell’s “Emergency Maneuver Training” 
  
• POH/AFM 
  
• Kershner’s “Aerobatic Pilot Manual” 
  
• “Airplane Flying Handbook” Ch. 4 
  
• Advisory Circular  61-67 “Stall and Spin Awareness Training”