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Flight Instruments

OBJECTIVE
  • To develop the pilot’s understanding of the flight instruments and their operation and use.

ELEMENTS
  • Pitot-Static 
  • Airspeed Indicator 
  • Altimeter 
  • Vertical Speed Indicator 
  • Gyroscopic 
  • Attitude Indicator 
  • Heading Indicator 
  • Turn Coordinator and Ball 
  • Magnetic Compass 
  • Electric 
  • Attitude Indicator 
  • Horizontal Situation Indicator 
  • Primary Flight Display 
  • Air Data Computer 
  • Altitude Heading Reference System 

COMPLETION STANDARDS
  • This lesson is complete when the pilot demonstrates a basic understanding of the flight instruments and related systems during oral quizzing. 

COMMON ERRORS
  • Failure to maintain aircraft instruments 
  • Accepting aircraft with instrument problems 





THINGS TO REMEMBER
  • Compass Issues
  • Variation 
  • Deviation 
  • Magnetic Dip 
  • Oscillation 
  • Northerly Turning Error 
  • Cold/Hot Story 
  • (UNOS) Undershoot North, Overshoot South 
  • Acceleration/Deceleration 
  • (ANDS) Accelerate North, Decelerate South 
  • Paper Cup 
  • Lead and Lag in the A.I. 
  • Step on the ball 
  • Calibrated Leak on the VSI 
  • PFD and backup instruments 
  • MEMS/AHRS vs. Gyros vs. Magnetic Fields 
  • Flight Instruments MUST be working to survive spatial disorientation 
  • T.C. has dampening, over and under dampening can be fatal. 
  • PFD in general aviation aircraft are susceptible to pitot-static failures. 

STUDY
  • “Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge” Ch. 7





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